Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Plant Extracts and Their Applications in Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes: A Review

Abstract

The relatively low toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with their unique physical and chemical properties and their wide range of applications in medicine, electronics and environmental treatment has yielded an increased interest in their synthesis in recent years. However, traditional methods of synthesizing these particles are often associated with the use of toxic chemicals, high-energy consumption, high synthesis costs, and negative environmental impacts. Green synthesis has therefore emerged as a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to the synthesis of nanoparticles. Plants are one of the promising biological sources in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles because they contain effective secondary compounds such as phenols, flavonoids, and terpenes, capable of reducing silver ions and converting them into nanoparticles through multiple biological mechanisms. This review summarizes the green synthesis of AgNPs using plant extracts as reducing and capping agents, characterization of the nanoparticle, factors affecting the synthesis, and their potential in photocatalytic applications.